The Sanitation of Cities and Towns and the Agricultural Utilization of ... by Charles Williams Chancellor

Author:Charles Williams Chancellor
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Sun Book and Job Printing Office
Published: 1887-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

" From this r&servoir as a centre is run iron pipes along the '■' streets leading to the crossing, these pipes being the 'street-' mains' for conducting the faecal, stable, manufacturing and * other sewage matters out of the fiouses into the reservoir.

" Each street-main receives as many branch pipas as there ■' may be houses right and left, and is shut off from the reservoir ' by means of an ordinary stopcock. The air being exhausted ' and the street-main cock opened, the reservoir will exert a ' powerful sucking force upon all the branches of the street-main, ' and the consequence will be that whatever fluid matter any " trap, sink or gully of these branch pipes may contain will be " forced or sucked into the reservoir as if driven by a tornado.

''A minute or two suffices to remove in this manner the " faecal and other putrescible matters from all the houses of a " street of half a mile in length. This being accomplished in '' one street, another, connected with the same reservoir, is taken '' in hand, and thus each street of the crossing is worked in turn " until the process is extended to the whole district. The reser-" voir serving as the drainage centre of a district will contain all " the putrescible matter of that district up to a certain point, '' when it is emptied by a process to be hereafter described.

^*The rapid performance above referred to is due to the simul-" taneous action of the branch pipes of the same street-main, " which takes place notwithstanding the great difference which '' may exist in the quantity of matter they contain.

'' At first view it would seem that on applying an equally '' great suction to all the pipes, the one containing the smallest ''quantity of matter, and consequently offering the least amount '' of resistance, would be emptied first, thus destroying the '' vacuum in the street-main, and preventing thereby the other "branch pipes being emptied at all. This is prevented, how-'' ever, by a simple contrivance.

" The branch -pipes are converted, as it were, into so many '' barometers by simply giving them slight bends, so that their '' contents become subject to the same law which governs " barometric columns of fluid matter. The branch pipes being, " by means of the common street-mains to which they belong, '' connected with the same vacuum, this exerts the same force "on the different hydraulic heights of fluid in the two shanks "of each berid; and all bends having the same height, the " maximum and minimum resistance or lift of fluid matter to " be overcome will be in all the pipes the same. Now, it is well "known that in barometers the maximum resistance of lift " occurs when one of the shanks is entirely empty, and that the " minimum lift (^. e. none at all) occurs when the fluid in both

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" shanks stands on a level, one column holding, as it were, the " other in balance.

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